Multigenerational Exposure to Nano‐TiO ₂ Induces Ageing as a Stress Response Mitigated by Environmental Interactions

Despite their ubiquity in personal care products, the health implications of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanomaterials (NMs) are under strenuous investigation for potential as a carcinogen, whereas other evidence has shown links with premature ageing. Both hazards manifested after chronic exposure. To explore effects TiO2 NMs environment, multigenerational study using model test species Daphnia magna is conducted. Phenotypical characteristics associated ageing observed (loss or shortening tails and lipid accumulation) increased expression highly conserved key stress response genes involved inflammatory responses oxidative stress. These visible continuously exposed daphnids over four generations removed from maternal exposure even three later. However, to “aged” variants these at same concentrations significantly reduced effects, medium containing natural organic matter less severe than salt-only medium.